Command lines for: linux, windows NT, Oracle and Apple

[The Tech]

More commands for linux


Here's a link for most of the common linux commands:

http://www.ss64.com/bash/index.html

An A-Z Index of the Linux BASH command line

alias    Make an alias

awk      Find and Replace text within file(s)

break    Exit from a loop
builtin  Run a shell builtin

cal      Display a calendar
case     Conditionally perform a commandcat      Display the contents of a file
cd       Change Directorychgrp    Change group ownershipchmod    Change access permissionschown    Change file owner and group
chroot   Run a command with a different root directorycksum    Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear    Clear terminal screen
cmp      Compare two files
comm     Compare two sorted files line by line
command  Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue Resume the next iteration of a loopcp       Copy one or more files to another locationcron     Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab  Schedule a command to run at a later timecsplit   Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut      Divide a file into several parts

date     Display or change the date & time
dc       Desk Calculator
dd       Data Dump - Convert and copy a file
declare  Declare variables and give them attributesdf       Display free disk spacediff     Display the differences between two filesdiff3    Show differences among three filesdir      Briefly list directory contents
dircolors Colour setup for `ls'dirname  Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs     Display list of remembered directories
du       Estimate file space usage

echo     Display message on screen
ed       A line-oriented text editor (edlin)
egrep    Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
eject    Eject CD-ROM
enable   Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env      Display, set, or remove environment variables
eval     Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec     Execute a command
exit     Exit the shell
expand   Convert tabs to spaces
export   Set an environment variable
expr     Evaluate expressions

factor   Print prime factors
false    Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk    Partition table manipulator for Linux
fgrep    Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
find     Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt      Reformat paragraph text
fold     Wrap text to fit a specified width.
for      Expand words, and execute commands
format   Format disks or tapes
free     Display memory usage
fsck     Filesystem consistency check and repair.
function Define Function Macros

gawk     Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts  Parse positional parameters
grep     Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups   Print group names a user is in
gzip     Compress or decompress named file(s)

hash     Remember the full pathname of a name argument
head     Output the first part of file(s)history  Command History
hostname Print or set system name

id       Print user and group id's
if       Conditionally perform a command
import   Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
info     Help info
install  Copy files and set attributes

join     Join lines on a common field

kill     Stop a process from running

less     Display output one screen at a time
let      Perform arithmetic on shell variables
ln       Make links between files
local    Make variables
locate   Find files
logname  Print current login name
logout   Exit a login shell
lpc      Line printer control program
lpr      Off line print
lprint   Print a file
lprintd  Abort a print job
lprintq  List the print queue
lprm     Remove jobs from the print queue
ls       List information about file(s)

m4       Macro processor
man      Help manual
mkdir    Make new folder(s)
mkfifo   Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mknod    Make block or character special files
more     Display output one screen at a time
mount    Mount a file system
mtools   Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv       Move or rename files or directories

nice     Set the priority of a command or job
nl       Number lines and write files
nohup    Run a command immune to hangups

passwd   Modify a user password
paste    Merge lines of files
pathchk  Check file name portability
popd     Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr       Convert text files for printing
printcap Printer capability database
printenv Print environment variables
printf   Format and print data
ps       Process status
pushd    Save and then change the current directory
pwd      Print Working Directory

quota    Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl Set disk quotas

ram      ram disk device
rcp      Copy files between two machines.
read     read a line from standard input
readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
remsync  Synchronize remote files via email
return   Exit a shell function
rm       Remove files
rmdir    Remove folder(s)
rpm      Remote Package Manager
rsync    Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)

screen   Terminal window manager
sdiff    Merge two files interactively
sed      Stream Editor
select   Accept keyboard input
seq      Print numeric sequences
set      Manipulate shell variables and functions
shift    Shift positional parameters
shopt    Shell Options
shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
sleep    Delay for a specified time
sort     Sort text files
source   Run commands from a file `.'
split    Split a file into fixed-size pieces
su       Substitute user identity
sum      Print a checksum for a file
symlink  Make a new name for a file
sync     Synchronize data on disk with memory

tac      Concatenate and write files in reverse
tail     Output the last part of files
tar      Tape ARchiver
tee      Redirect output to multiple files
test     Evaluate a conditional expression
time     Measure Program Resource Use
times    User and system times
touch    Change file timestamps
top      List processes running on the system
traceroute Trace Route to Host
trap     Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr       Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true     Do nothing, successfully
tsort    Topological sort
tty      Print filename of terminal on stdin
type     Describe a command

ulimit   Limit user resources
umask    Users file mask making
umount   Unmount a device
unalias  Remove an alias
uname    Print system information
unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
uniq     Uniquify files
units    Convert units from one scale to another
unset    Remove variable or function names
unshar   Unpack shell archive scripts
until    Execute commands (until error)
useradd  Make new user account
usermod  Modify user account
users    List users currently logged in
uuencode Encode a binary file uudecode Decode a file generated by uuencode

v        Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vdir     Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')

watch    Execute/display a program periodically
wc       Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis  Report all known instances of a command    
which    Locate a program file in the user's path.
while    Execute commands
who      Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami   Print the current user id and name (`id -un')

xargs    Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes      Print a string until interrupted

.period  Run commands from a file
###      Comment / Remark

[The Tech]

An A-Z Index of the Windows NT/XP command line

http://www.ss64.com/ora/index.html


ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file
ARP      Address Resolution Protocol
ASSOC    Change file extension associations
ASSOCIAT One step file association
AT       Schedule a command to run at a later time
ATTRIB   Change file attributes

BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info

CACLS    Change file permissions
CALL     Call one batch program from another
CD       Change Directory - move to a specific Folder
CHANGE   Change Terminal Server Session properties
CHKDSK   Check Disk - check and repair disk problems
CHKNTFS  Check the NTFS file system
CHOICE   Accept keyboard input to a batch file
CIPHER   Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders
CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
CLEARMEM Clear memory leaks
CLIP     Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard.
CLS      Clear the screen
CLUSTER  Windows Clustering
CMD      Start a new CMD shell
COLOR    Change colours of the CMD window
COMP     Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
COMPACT  Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
COMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partition
CON2PRT  Connect or disconnect a Printer
CONVERT  Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.
COPY     Copy one or more files to another location
CSVDE    Import or Export Active Directory data

DATE     Display or set the date
Dcomcnfg DCOM Configuration Utility
DEFRAG   Defragment hard drive
DEL      Delete one or more files
DELPROF  Delete NT user profiles
DELTREE  Delete a folder and all subfolders
DevCon   Device Manager Command Line Utility
DIR      Display a list of files and folders
DIRUSE   Display disk usage
DISKCOMP Compare the contents of two floppy disks
DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another
DNSSTAT  DNS Statistics
DOSKEY   Edit command line, recall commands, and make macros
DSADD    Add user (computer, group..) to active directoryDSQUERY  List items in active directory
DSMOD    Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory

ECHO     Display message on screen
ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file
ERASE    Delete one or more files
EXIT     Quit the CMD shell
EXPAND   Uncompress files
EXTRACT  Uncompress CAB files

FC       Compare two files
FDISK    Disk Format and partition
FIND     Search for a text string in a file
FINDSTR  Search for strings in files
FOR      Conditionally perform a command several times
FORFILES Batch process multiple files
FORMAT   Format a disk
FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)
FSUTIL   File and Volume utilities
FTP      File Transfer Protocol
FTYPE    Display or modify file types used in file extension associations

GLOBAL   Display membership of global groups
GOTO     Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line

HELP     Online Help
HFNETCHK Network Security Hotfix Checker

IF       Conditionally perform a command
IFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT Workgroup
INSTSRV  Install an NT Service
IPCONFIG Configure IP

KILL     Remove a program from memory

LABEL    Edit a disk label
LOCAL    Display membership of local groups
LOGEVENT Write text to the NT event viewer.
LOGOFF   Log a user off
LOGTIME  Log the date and time in a file

MAPISEND Send email from the command line
MEM      Display memory usage
MD       Make new folders
MODE     Configure a system device
MORE     Display output, one screen at a time
MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point
MOVE     Move files from one folder to another
MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another
MSG      Send a message
MSIEXEC  Microsoft Windows Installer
MSINFO   Windows NT diagnostics
MUNGE    Find and Replace text within file(s)
MV       Copy in-use files

NET      Manage network resources
NETDOM   Domain Manager
NETSH    Configure network protocols
NETSVC   Command-line Service Controller
NBTSTAT  Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
NETSTAT  Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
NOW      Display the current Date and Time
NSLOOKUP Name server lookup
NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape
NTRIGHTS Edit NT user account rights

PATH     Display or set a search path for executable files
PATHPING IP trace utility
PAUSE    Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message
PERMS    Show permissions for a user
PERFMON  Performance Monitor
PING     Test a network connection
POPD     Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD
PORTQRY  Display the status of ports and services
PRINT    Print a text file
PRNCNFG  Display, configure or rename a printer
PRNMNGR  Add, delete, list printers set the default printer
PROMPT   Change the command prompt
PUSHD    Save and then change the current directory

QGREP    Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.

RASDIAL  Manage RAS connections
RASPHONE Manage RAS connections
RECOVER  Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.
REG      Read, Set or Delete registry keys and values
REGEDIT  Import or export registry settings
REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL
REGINI   Change Registry Permissions
REM      Record comments (remarks) in a batch file
REN      Rename a file or files.
REPLACE  Replace or update one file with another
RD       Delete folder(s)
RDISK    Make a Recovery Disk
RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer
ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy
ROUTE    Manipulate network routing tables
RUNAS    Execute a program under a different user account
RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)

SC       Service Control
SCHTASKS Make or Edit Scheduled Tasks
SCLIST   Display NT Services
ScriptIt Control GUI applications
SET      Display, set, or remove Windows NT environment variables
SETLOCAL Begin localisation of environment changes in a batch file
SETX     Set environment variables permanently
SHARE    List or edit a file share or print share
SHIFT    Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file
SHORTCUT Make a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user is in
SHOWMBRS List the members of an NT Workgroup
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer
SHUTGUI  Shutdown the computer
SLEEP    Wait for x seconds
SOON     Schedule a command to run in the near future
SORT     Sort input
START    Start a separate window to run a specified program or command
SU       Switch User
SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain
SUBST    Associate a path with a drive letter

TASKLIST List running applications and services
TIME     Display or set the system time
TIMEOUT  Delay processing of a batch file
TITLE    Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session
TOUCH    Change file timestamps    
TRACERT  Trace route to a remote host
TREE     Graphical display of folder structure
TYPE     Display the contents of a text file

USRSTAT  List domain usernames and last login

VER      Display version information
VERIFY   Verify that files have been saved
VOL      Display a disk label

WHERE    Locate and display files in a directory tree
WHOAMI   Output the current UserName and domain
WINMSD   Windows NT Diagnostics
WINMSDP  Windows NT Diagnostics IIWMIC     WMI Command

XCACLS   Change file permissions
XCOPY    Copy files and folders

[The Tech]

An A-Z Index of Oracle SQL Commands (version 9.2)


http://www.ss64.com/ora/index.html

* Note the word create always means make or generate.

ANALYZE
AUDIT
CALL
CLUSTER - CREATE CLUSTER
CLUSTER - ALTER  CLUSTER
COMMENT
COMMIT
CONNECT
CONSTRAINT - Add / Enable
CONTEXT - CREATE CONTEXT
CONTROLFILE - CREATE CONTROLFILE

DATABASE - CREATE DATABASE
DATABASE - ALTER  DATABASE
DELETE
DESCRIBE
DIMENSION - CREATE DIMENSION
DIMENSION - ALTER DIMENSION
DIRECTORY - CREATE DIRECTORY


EXEC
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
EXPLAIN PLAN

FUNCTION - CREATE FUNCTION
FUNCTION - ALTER  FUNCTION


GRANT

INDEX - CREATE INDEX
INDEX - ALTER  INDEX

INDEXTYPE - CREATE INDEXTYPE

INSERT
INTERSECT

JAVA - CREATE JAVA
JAVA - ALTER JAVA

LIBRARY - CREATE LIBRARY

LINK - CREATE DATABASE LINK

LOCK TABLE

MVIEW - CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
MVIEW - ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW

MVIEW - CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
MVIEW - ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG

MINUS

NOAUDIT

OPERATOR - CREATE OPERATOR

OUTLINE - CREATE OUTLINE
OUTLINE - ALTER OUTLINE


PACKAGE - CREATE PACKAGE/BODY
PACKAGE - ALTER  PACKAGE

PFILE - CREATE PFILE
PROCEDURE - CREATE PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE - ALTER  PROCEDURE

PROFILE - CREATE PROFILE
PROFILE - ALTER  PROFILE


RECOVER
RENAME
RESOURCE - ALTER RESOURCE COST
REVOKE
RMAN - Recovery Manager
ROLE - CREATE ROLE
ROLE - SET    ROLE
ROLE - ALTER  ROLE

ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK - CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT
ROLLBACK - ALTER  ROLLBACK SEGMENT


SAVEPOINT
SCHEMA - CREATE SCHEMA
SELECT
SEQUENCE - CREATE SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE - ALTER  SEQUENCE

SESSION - ALTER SESSION
SHUTDOWN
SNAPSHOT
SPFILE - CREATE SPFILE
STARTUP
STATISTICS - ASSOCIATE STATISTICS
STATISTICS - DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS
SYNONYM - CREATE SYNONYM

SYSTEM - ALTER SYSTEM

TABLE - CREATE TABLE
TABLE - ALTER  TABLE

TABLESPACE - CREATE TABLESPACE
TABLESPACE - ALTER  TABLESPACE

TABLESPACE - CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE
TRANSACTION - SET TRANSACTION
TRIGGER - CREATE TRIGGER
TRIGGER - ALTER  TRIGGER

TRUNCATE
TYPE - CREATE TYPE
TYPE - ALTER TYPE

TYPE - CREATE TYPE BODY


UPDATE
UNION
USER - CREATE USER
USER - ALTER  USER


VIEW - CREATE VIEW
VIEW - ALTER  VIEW


SYNTAX:

Words in CAPS are Oracle commands, words in lower-case are the options you can modify.
Sections enclosed in [] are optional, underlined options are the default
Sections enclosed in {} are alternatives. The pipe symbol | indicates OR

* Create always means make or generate.

[The Tech]

An A-Z Index of the Apple OS X command line

http://www.ss64.com/osx/index.html


The tcsh command shell of Darwin (the open source core of OSX)

alias     make te an alias
alloc     List used and free memory
awk       Find and Replace text within file(s)

basename  Convert a full pathname to just a folder path
bash      Bourne-Again SHell (Linux)
bless     Set volume bootability and startup disk options.
break     Exit from a loop

cal       Display a calendar
case      Conditionally perform a commandcat       Display the contents of a file
cd        Change Directory
chflags   Change a file or folder's flags.chgrp     Change group ownershipchmod     Change access permissionschown     Change file owner and group
chroot    Run a command with a different root directorycksum     Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear     Clear terminal screen
cmp       Compare two files
comm      Compare two sorted files line by line
complete  Edit a command completion [word/pattern/list]
continue  Resume the next iteration of a loopcp        Copy one or more files to another locationcron      Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab   Schedule a command to run at a later date/time
cut       Divide a file into several parts

date      Display or change the date & time
dc        Desk Calculator
dd        Data Dump - Convert and copy a filedf        Display free disk spacediff      Display the differences between two filesdiff3     Show differences among three files
dirname   Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs      Display list of remembered directories
diskutil  Disk utilities - Format, Verify, Repair
ditto     Copy files and folders
dscl      Directory Service command line utility
du        Estimate file space usage

echo      Display message on screen
ed        A line-oriented text editor (edlin)
enable    Stop or start printers and classes.
env       Set environment and run a utility
eval      Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec      Execute a command
exit      Exit the shell
expect    Programmed dialogue with interactive programs
         Also see AppleScript
expand    Convert tabs to spaces
expr      Evaluate expressions

false     Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdisk     Partition table manipulator for Darwin UFS/HFS/DOS
find      Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt       Reformat paragraph text
fold      Wrap text to fit a specified width
foreach   Loop, expand words, and execute commands
fsck      Filesystem consistency check and repair
ftp       Internet file transfer program

GetFileInfo Get attributes of HFS+ files
getopt    Parse positional parameters
goto      Jump to label and continue execution
grep      Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups    Print group names a user is in
gzip      Compress or decompress files

head      Display the first lines of a filehistory   Command History
hostname  Print or set system name

id        Print user and group names/id's
if        Conditionally perform a command
info      Help info
install   Copy files and set attributes

jobs      List active jobs
join      Join lines on a common field

kill      Stop a process from running

l         List files in long format (ls -l)
ll        List files in long format, showing invisible files (ls -la)
less      Display output one screen at a time
ln        Make links between files (hard links, symbolic links)
locate    Find files
logname   Print current login name
login     log into the computer
logout    Exit a login shell (bye)
lpr       Print files
lprm      Remove jobs from the print queue
lpstat    Printer status information
ls        List information about file(s)
lsbom     List a bill of materials file
lsof      List open files

man       Help manual
mkdir     Make  new folder(s)
mkfifo    Make FIFOs (named pipes)
more      Display output one screen at a time
mount     Mount a file system
mv        Move or rename files or directories

net       Manage network resources
nice      Set the priority of a command
nohup     Run a command immune to hangups

onintr    Control the action of a shell interrupt
open      Open a file/folder/URL/Application
osascript Execute AppleScript

passwd    Modify a user password
paste     Merge lines of files
pico      Simple text editor
popd      Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr        Convert text files for printing
printenv  Print environment variables
printf    Format and print data
ps        Process status
pushd     Save and then change the current directory
pwd       Print Working Directory

quota     Display disk usage and limits

rcp       Copy files between machines.
repeat    Execute a command multiple times
rm        Remove files
rmdir     Remove folder(s)
rpm       Remote Package Manager
rsync     Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
RsyncX    Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)

say       Convert text to audible speech
sched     Schedule a command to run at a later time.
sdiff     Merge two files interactively
sed       Stream Editor
set       Set a shell variable = value
setenv    Set an environment variable = value
setfile   Set attributes of HFS+ files
shift     Shift positional parameters
shutdown  Shutdown or restart OS X
sleep     Delay for a specified time
softwareupdate System software update tool
sort      Sort text files
split     Split a file into fixed-size pieces
stop      Stop a job or process
su        Substitute user identity
sudo      Execute a command as another user
sum       Print a checksum for a file
switch    Conditionally perform a command

tail      Output the last part of files
tar       Tape ARchiver
tee       Redirect output to multiple files
test      Condition evaluation
time      Measure Program Resource Use
touch     Change file timestamps
traceroute Trace Route to Host
tr        Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true      Do nothing, successfully
tty       Print filename of terminal on stdin

umask     Users file creation mask
umount    a device
unalias   Remove an alias
uname     Print system information
unexpand  Convert spaces to tabs
uniq      Uniquify files
units     Convert units from one scale to another
unset     Remove variable or function names
unsetenv  Remove environment variable
users     Print login names of users currently logged in
uuencode  Encode a binary file uudecode  Decode a file generated by uuencode

wc        Print byte, word, and line counts
where     Report all known instances of a command
which     Locate a program file in the user's path
while     Execute commands
who       Print all usernames currently logged on
whoami    Print the current user id and name (`id -un')

xargs     Execute utility - passing arguments
yes       Print a string until interrupted

[Sayfullah]

This is a good linux tutorial:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHFzr-akOas&list=PLS1QulWo1RIb9WVQGJ_vh-RQusbZgO_As

[Sayfullah]

ls / will list files in root
ls lS sorts by size
ls Documents/*.html will search for all html files
ls -lS > out.text will make a txt file with file list
ls -d */ will list all dir
man ls - manual for ls