Charity الصدقة

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Charity
الحمد لله رب العالمين الرحمان الرحيم مالك يوم الدين والصلاة والسلام على أشرف المرسلين وخاتم النبيين وحبيب رب العالمين. أما بعد:
Verse 'Aal `Imraan, 92
Allah said:
﴿لَنْ تَنَالُوا البِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ وَمَا تُنفِقُوا مِن شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ ﴾ (سورة ءال عمران، 92)
AlQurtubiyy explained this verse and said:
•   The verse in general indicates that you will not be granted alBirr until you spend what you love in the path of goodness whether it is charity or other obedient acts; Allah knows what you spend and hence He will reward for it. The good deed is multiplied by ten times.
•   Some companions explained alBirr to mean Paradise.
The verse then means, you will not be granted the reward for goodness until you spend of what you love. That is, you will not reach Paradise until you spend of what you love. (Ibn Mas`ood, Ibn `Abbas, `Ataa', Mujahid, Ibn Maymoon and asSudiyy)
•   Some said alBirr is the good deed. In the reliable hadith, the Prophet, mercy and peace upon him, said:
Abide by truthfulness because it guides to alBirr and alBirr guides to Paradise.
*عَليكُم بالصِدقِ فإنّهُ يَهدي إلى البِّر وإنَّ البِّر يَهدي إلى الجنَّة*
•   `Atiyyah explained it by obedience, alHasan by obligatory Zakah, and `Ataa' said:
You will not be granted the honor in Islam and righteousness, taqwaa: Fearing-God, until you give charity while you are healthy, poor and looking for good life and afraid of poverty.
قال عطاء: لن تنالوا شرف الدين والتقوى حتى تتصدقوا وأنتم أصحاء أشحاء تأملون العيش وتخشون الفقر.
Companions' Doings
When this verse was revealed the companions understood it to refer to the general meaning that the verse pointed out. Abu Talhah did not wait for another verse or hadith to confirm the things which Allah addressed his servants to spend.
•   When this verse was revealed Abu Talhah said to the Prophet, mercy and peace upon him,
-   Our Lord has asked us to give our monies. You are my witness O Prophet of Allah; I donate my land for Allah's sake.
-   The Prophet, mercy and peace upon him, said: make your kinship Hassaan bin Thaabit and Ubayy bin Ka`b benefit from it. (anNasaa'iyy and others)
Abu Talhah's Haa' Well was his most appreciated money to him. It faced the Masjid and the Prophet, mercy and peace upon him, used to go there and drink from the good water it had. (Malik's Muwatta')
•   Zayd Bin Haarithah had a female-horse called Subl and said:
-   O Allah You know that I have nothing that I love more than this horse.
He brought it to the Prophet, mercy and peace upon him, and said: This is for the sake of Allah.
-   The Prophet, mercy and peace upon him, said to Usaamah: take the horse.
-   As if Zayd became emotional because of this donation.
-   Then the Prophet, mercy and peace upon him, said to Zayd: Allah accepted this horse you donated. (Asad bin Moosaa)
•   Ibn `Umar understood the meaning of the above verse and then liberated his slave Naafi`. Before that `Abdullah bin Ja`far offered Ibn `Umar 1,000 dinar to have Naafi`.
Naafi` said: When Ibn `Umar likes something of his money, he donates it for Allah's blessing.
Ibn `Umar's son Hamzah said,
-   Ibn `Umar remembered the above verse and looked for what Allah has granted him and couldn't find anything he liked more than his servant Rumeetah.
-   He said: She is free for Allah's sake and I will not pull back something I donated for Allah's sake. (Ibn alJawziyy)
فتذكرت ما أعطاني الله فما وجدت شيئًا أحب إليَّ من جاريتي رُميتة فقلت هذه حرة لوجه الله فلا أعود في شىء جعلته لله
•   `Umar bin alKhattaab wrote to Abu Moosaa al'Ash`ariyy to get a slave from among those who became available after the opening of the Persian Kisraa's City.
-   Sa`d bin abi Waqqaas said:  As if `Umar found that he became fond of this salve. He then recited the above verse and liberated her.
•   ArRabee` bin Khaytham used to like sugar.  If a beggar comes to his door asking, he will tell his servant :
-   Give the beggar sugar, since arRabee` likes sugar.
Sufyan said: arRabee` would be by that applying the above verse. (Sufyan athThawriyy)
•   `Umar bin Abdul `Azeez used to buy quantities of sugar and donate them. He was told: why don't you donate their value? He said:
-   I liked sugar more and I wanted to spend from what I like.
•   AlHasan said: You will not acquire what you love except by leaving out what you desire; you will not reach what you wish except by being patient on what you dislike.
قال الحسن: إنكم لن تنالوا ما تحبون إلا بترك ما تشتهون، ولا تدركوا ما تأملون إلا بالصبر على ما تكرهون.
Verse alAnfaal, 60
﴿وما تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ شَئٍ في سَبِيلِ اللهِ يُوَفَّ إِلَيْكُمْ وَأَنْتُم لا تُظْلَمُونَ﴾
What you spend for Allah's sake for defending Islam would be compensated to you, one good deed is multiplied by 10 times to 700 times and many more and you will not be mistreated.
Hadith
•   The Prophet, mercy and peace upon him, said:
When the Muslim servant donates a lawful (halal) piece of bread Allah multiplies it until it becomes like to 'Uhud's Mount. (atTabaraaniyy).
*إن العبد ليتصدَّق بالكسرة إذ تربو عند الله عزَّ وجلَّ حتى تكون مثل أُحد*
•   The Prophet, mercy and peace upon him, said:
The doing which the one who sincerely intends to donate for Allah's sake a portion of dates acquired by a lawful way does may be the cause for him/her to be freed from Hellfire. (alBukhariyy)
*اتَّقوا النَّار ولو بشقِّ تمرة*
*من استطاع منكم أن يستتر من النَّار ولو بشقِّ تمرة فليفعل* (رواية للبخاري ومسلم)
•   The Prophet, mercy and peace upon him, said:
Charity puts off the sin like water puts off fire (atTirmidhiyy)
*الصَّدقةُ تُطفئُ الخَطيئةَ كما يُطفئُ الماءُ النَّار*
•   The Prophet, mercy and peace upon him, said:
A servant's money is not diminished because of him/her giving charity (atTirmidhiyy and Ibn Maajah)
*ما نَقُصَ مالُ عبدٍ من صدقه*
•   The Prophet, mercy and peace upon him, said:
The best money for the pious Muslim servant is the good money
*نِعْمَ المالُ الصالح للعبدِ الصالح*
All the money is owned by Allah. The successful one is he/she who acquires the money in a lawful way intending to spend it for Allah's sake; he/she then spends it in a lawful way sincerely intending to obey Allah, seeking Allah's reward and hoping to be admitted to Paradise.