Definitions of Arabic Islamic Terms - A to Z

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Bismillah, I start by the name of Allah, and ask Allah to raise the rank of Prophet Muhammad.


Following are a series of Arabic words that are used in the Islamic context, along with English explanation of the word means or refers to.

The definitions are in Alphabetical order from A to Z.


Bismillah:

^ibadah  in the language of the Arabs is what the linguists defined.  The famous linguist, Imam az-Zajjaj defined it by saying: The ^ibadah in the language of the Arabs is obedience with subjugation.  In "Mufradat-ul-Qur'an" the Linguist, Imam Abul-Qasim ar-Raghib al-'Asbahaniyy said: The ^ibadah is the ultimate humbleness. Imam, Hafiz, Faqih, Linguist, and Mufassir (Explainer of the Qur'an) ^Aliyy Ibn ^Abd-il-Kafi as-Subkiyy in his tafsir (explanation) of ayah 5 of al-Fatihah which means: We (Muslims) worship You (Allah) said: That is, we make our ^ibadah (worship), which is the ultimate fear with subjugation, exclusive to You (Allah).
Al and Sahb of the Prophet.  [The Al of Prophet Muhammad, includes his wives, Muslim kin, and the pious Muslims of his Ummah.  The Sahb or Sahabah of Prophet Muhammad are the people who met with him, believed in him, and died Muslim.]
Al-Mu^jam [Al-Mu^jam is a book of Hadith in which the Ahadith are mentioned according to the alphabetical order of the shuyukh.  Al-Mu^jaman is the dual form of al-mu^jam.]

An-Nathr   [An-Nathr is an oath to Allah by which one commits oneself to do any good deed which is not obligatory, such as fasting a certain number of days or paying charity.  It is obligatory to fulfil one's nathr.]

Ash-Shuthuth   [Ash-Shuthuth is the case when a Hadith is shathth (see mahfuz).]

athar   [Al-'Athar refers to the marfu^ and mawquf Hadith or to the mawquf Hadith only.]

batil  (The Invalid): This is what does not agree with the fules of al-islam and is not accepted by Allah.

battah divorce  [A battah divorce is the three-time divorce when a man says to his wife: You are divorced the battah. Consequently, the divorced woman cannot return to her exhusband (the man who divorced her) except after her iddah from this divorce has expired, another man marries and has sexual intercourse with her, then he divorces her , and her ^iddah of the latter divorce has expired.]

ba'in  [Ba'in refers to divorcing the wife three times, as much as a battah divorce is.]

Bid^ah  [Bid^ah is innovation; something which is new some of which are Islamically acceptable and others are rejected. Here it refers to the prohibited innovation.]

da^if   [Ad-Da^if is a Hadith which lacks any of the requisites of the sahih or hasan Hadith.

dirayatan [Dirayatan means knowing about the related Hadith and its relator in the context of accepting or rejecting it.]

Fard  (The obligatory) This is what Allah has promised its committer with reward and has threatened its avoider with punishment.
Furu^ [Al-Furu^ deals with the Islamic matters other than those of belief (Usul), such as Salah, Siyam, and dealings.]

fulan [Fulan is equivalent to John Doe in the USA.]

hasan [Al-Hasan is a Hadith, the relators of which are known for their trustworthiness and good memory. Included is the Hadith which is related in more than one riwayah (rendition) all of which are devoid of any defect that blemishes its authenticity.  It is accepted by the scholars of al-'Islam, and is used for inferring Islamic rulings.]

haram (the forbidden) This is what Allah has threatened its committer with punishment an  has promised its avoider with reward.

hashw [The hashw is done by a group called al-Hashwiyyah.  It is a vile group with ignorant members attributing themselves to Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, who is clear of them. They reported words about him which they misunderstood.  Then, they continued with their bad belief claiming to cling to the Hadith. The best of the muhaddithun (pl. of muhaddith) in his time, Ibn ^Asakir used to refrain from teaching them the Hadith and prevent them from attending his circle in Damascus.  This group did not have a head or someone to carry its invalid belief, except some scattered efforts which were foiled by the Muslims.  Then, around the end of the 700th Hijriyyah year, Ibn Taymiyah advocated the invalid beliefs and ideas of this group.]

hawadith [Al-Hawadith, the plural of al-hadith, is a creation, i.e., something the existence of which started at some point in time and it may be annihilated any time later. Al-Jannah (Paradise) and Jahannam (Hellfire), two creations of Allah, will never be annihilated because Allah has willed that for them.]

idtirab [Al-'Idtirab refers to the case when a person relates a Hadith in more than one version, such as adding more words in one version or changing the wording or meaning of the Hadith. Additionally, the two versions are equally authentic, but neither one version outweighs the other nor it is possible to bring the two versions together. The Hadith is called mudtrib.]

ifrad [ Al-'Ifrad refers to the case when the relating of a Hadith is confined to one person or to one person from another person, or to a group of people from a certain area, for example.]

Ijma^ [The ^Ijma^, one source of Islamic teachings, is defined as the unanimous agreement of the mujtahidun (top scholars) from among the followers of Prophet Muhammad, sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam, upon a religious matter during a certain period of time.]

Jama^ah [The Jama^ah is the Muslim group following the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad, sallallahu ^alayhi wa sallam, and his Sahabah. The full name is Ahl-us-Sunnah wal-Jama^ah.  It constitutes the majority of the Muslims.]

Khalaf [The Salaf are the Muslims who lived within the first three-hundred years A.H. (After Hijrah, the immigration of Prophet Muhammad from Makkah to al-Madinah).  This includes the Sahabah (Companions of the Prophet, i.e., persons who met with Prophet Muhammad, believed in him, and died Muslim) and Tabi^un (Muslims who met with the Companions).  The Khalaf are the Muslims who lived afterwards.]

Kunyah [The kunyah of a man is a name that starts with "Abu".]

mahfuz [Al-Mahfuz is a Hadith in which the addition of the relator of a sahih or hasan Hadith to its wording disagrees with what a more trustworthy person related. The relating of the latter outweighs that of the former and is known as a mahfuz Hadith.  The outweighed Hadith is known as a shathth Hadith.].

makruh (Disliked) Thisi s that which if done one is not punished, but if one avoids (for the sake of Allah) is rewarded.

manabir [Manabir is the plural of minbar which is a podium, an elevated platform for a speaker or the like.]

marfu^ [Al-Marfu^ is a Hadith which is attributed to the Prophet by a Companion.]

Mashhur Hadith [Al-Mashhur is a Hadith related by more than two persons. It can be sahih or otherwise.]

mathhab [A mathhab is a framework inferred by a mujtahid from the Qur'an, Sunnah, Ijma^, and Qiyas, by which he deduces the judgements on the practical matters of al-'Islam such as the Taharah, Salah, Zakah, Siyam, and Hajj. The Sunniyy mathahib which are available today are four: The Hanafiyy Mathhab, the Malikiyy Mathhab, the Shafi^iyy Mathhab, and the Hanbaliyy Mathhab.  The respective founders of those mathahib are: Imam Abu Hanifah (80-150 A.H.), Imam Malik (93-179 A.H.), Imam ash-Shafi^iyy (150-204 A.H.), and Imam Ibn Hanbal (164-241 A.H.)]

matruk [Al-Matruk is a Hadith related by a da^if person, because, e.g., he is known to lie. His Hadith is abandoned.]

maytah [Al-Maytah is an animal which was not slaughtered as per the rules of al-'Islam. It is a great sin to eat a maytah.]

mawdu^ [Al-Mawdu^ is a Hadith which is fabricated upon the Prophet.]

mawquf [Al-Mawquf is a Hadith which is attributed to a Companion, but not to the Prophet.]

Muhaddith/Hafiz [Muhaddith and Hafiz both refer to a knowledgeable person in the Science of Hadith, with the latter being more knowledgeable. A Hafiz is also a person who memorizes the Holy Qur'an.  In this context, Shaykh is the title of a teacher of Islamic knowledge.]

munkar [Al-Munkar is the opposite of ma^ruf Hadith; it is a Hadith which is related by one person who has not reached a proper level of memory and trusworthiness.]

mutawatir [A mutawatir Hadith is one related by a large number of Muslims in a way which was impossible for them to have agreed to lie about it, from the beginning of the chain of relators to the end. They have seen or heard what they related and it was true, i.e., not misconstrued.  (The number of mutawatir Ahadith is around fifty.)]

muttasil isnad (continuous chain of qualified relators) [A muttasil Hadith is the Hadith heard by the relator from his shaykh and so on back to the Prophet or a Companion without any interruption in the chain of relators.]

radiyallahu ^anhuma [Radiyallahu ^anhuma means: May Allah be reward both of them.]

sallallahu ^alayhi wa ^ala alihi wa sallam [Sallallahu ^alayhi wa ^ala alihi wa sallam means: May Allah raise the rank of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad and protect his Ummah from that which he fears for it. May the mercy of Allah be upon the Al of the Prophet.]

sahih (authentic) [A sahih Hadith is a Hadith which is related by an ^adl from another ^adl back to the Prophet or Sahabiyy, devoid of any shuthuth or defect.]

It can also mean (the valid) which is that what agrees with the rules of Al-Islam and hence is accepted by Allah.

sanad [Sanad or isnad refers to the chain of people relating a Hadith.]

tabaraka wa ta^ala, [Tabaraka wa ta^ala attributes the giving and perfection to Allah.]

tadlis [At-Tadlis is relating a Hadith in a delusive manner so that people would accept the Hadith from one. The tadlis is done by the relator, because, e.g., his shaykh is young or da^if, by dropping the name of his shaykh from the chain or mentioning him in such a way that people think that he is talking about another person.]

Usul  [Al-'Usul is ^Ilm-ut-Tawhid, the Science of the belief in Allah and His Messenger.]

Wajib see Fard

yamin [Al-Yamin is swearing by one of the Names or attributes of Allah.

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al-'Adha  The tenth of ThuI-Hijjah; it is a ^Id day and it is forbidden to fast on this day. It is the day after the standing in the land of AArafah in ai-Hajj.

al-'Ahad A name of Allah which means 'al-Wahid', and 'the One Who is indivisible'.

al-' Ahadith Plural of Hadith.

al-'ajanib Plural of ajnabiyy.

al-'ajnabiyy The man who is other than a woman's husband or maharim. A woman's father, uncle, brother, and son are not
ajanib to her.

al-'ajnabiyyah The woman who is other than a man's wife or maharim. A man's mother, aunt, sister, and daughter are not
ajnabiyyat to him.

al-'ajnabiyyat Plural of ajnabiyyah.

al- 'AI The family; The AI of Prophet Muhammad includes his wives, Muslim kin, and the pious Muslims of his Ummah.

al-^Alim A name of Allah, which means 'the One Who knows everything'.

Allah The name of the Creator in Arabic, which means "The one who deserves to be worshipped".

Al-'amdad Plural of mudd

al-Aamilun ^alayha Persons hired by the Muslim Khalifah to collect, take care of, and to distribute az-Zakah, but are not given a salary. Instead they are paid from az-Zakah.

Ameen A word which is said at the end of al-Fatihah or supplications meaning:"Oh Allah answer our supplication."

^Arafah A plain about 9 miles Southeast of Makkah where Prophet Muhammad, sallal Allahu ^alayhi wa sallam, gave his 'Farewell Khutbah'. It is also the place where Muslims performing al-Hajj spend some time between az-Zuhr of the ninth of Dhul Hijjah and al-Fajr of the tenth of Dhu1 Hijjah.

al-^aridayn It refers to the hair that grows on the two sides of the face between al-lihyah and al-^itharayn.

al- ^ariyyah Allowing someone to benefit from an Islamically permissible article which is not consumable, such as a cooking pot.

al-'arkan Requisites; plural of rukn.

al-^Asr The obligatory Salah, the time of which begins when the length of the shadow of an object becomes equal to the length of the object per se plus the length of its shadow at al- 'Istiwa'; it continues until

al-Maghrib time, i.e., sunset. This  Salah comprises four raka^at.

al-'asu^ Plural  of sa^

al-^athab The suffering that the disobedient people receive on the Day of Judgement ,including the torture in Hell.

al- 'awqaf  Plural of waqf.

al-^awrah For a man and a slave woman, it is the area between the navel and the knees, and for a free woman the whole body except the face and hands. This part of the body must be covered when performing as-Salah.  In addition, this ^awrah must be covered before al-'ajnabiy(ah). In the presence of a mahram or a Muslim woman, a woman's ^awrah is the area between her navel and knees.

al-^awrat Plural of ^awrah.

al-'awsuq Plural of wasq.

al-' Awwal A name of Allah which means 'the First', i.e., 'the One Whose Existence has no beginning'.

al- 'ayah A sentence (verse) of al-Qur'an. Ayat is the plural of ayah. Al-Qur'an has morethan 6000 ayat.

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baligh  Pubescent; a male becomes baiigh when he either attains to 15 lunar years or starts to ejaculate. On the other hand, a female becomes baiighah when she either attains to 15 lunar years, sees her maniyy, or starts menstruating. Islamically, a girl does not begin menstruating before 9 lunar years.
al-baligh]1n Plural of b,aligh.

balighah Feminine of baligh. See baligh.

basmalah Saying "Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim" (in the name of Allah, ar-Rahman, ar-Rahim), which is the fIrst.ayah of al-Fatihah, the fIrst Surah of al-Qur'an.

ba^th The Resurrection of the dead on the Day of Judgement.

batil The Invalid; the Untrue; this is that which does not comply with the rules of al-Islam and is not accepted by Allah.

bay^ Selling; exchanging or giving for a substitute, such as money, in a specific way. The seller would say "I now sell you this item for so much money". The buyer would say "I now buy it for that price".

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The Dh represents the ظ letter in Arabic.  

Dafn The Burial of the dead; digging a hole in the ground for the dead deep enough to prevent the smell from "rising to the surface and to protect the body from animals.

ad-Da'im A name of Allah which means 'the Everlasting', i.e., 'the One Whose -Existence does not end'.

Daniq One-sixth of a dirham, equivalent to about 0.5 grams of silver.

Darahim Plural of dirham.

Daruriyy The Obligatory; The Essential.

Dhihar which is to say to one's wife: " I now do not copulate with you just as I do not copulate with my mother."  If one does not divorce immediately after uttering this, one is obliged to fulfill the expiation (kaffarah) which is to free a Muslim slave who has no defects, if unable, to fast two consecutive lunar months; and if unable, to feed 60 poor Muslims.


Dh The obligatory prayer which starts with the declination of the sun from its highest apparent position (al-'lstiwa') towards the west and continues until the length of the shadow of an object becomes equal to that of the object in addition to the shadow cast by the same object when the sun was at al-'lstiwa'. It comprises four raka^at.

Din The Religion (of al-Islam).

Dinar A unit of weight measure equivalent to a mithqal (about 4.24 grams).

Dirham A unit of weight measure equivalent to about 2.97 grams of silver.

Diyah Money paid for having, for example, killed a person.

Du^a' Supplication; making du^a' is the act of asking Allah for things. It is sunnah to make du^a' after as-salah. During sickness, traveling, and before breaking fast are other times that making du^a' is recommended.

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Fajir The obligatory Salah the time of which starts with the appearance of the horizontal illumination in the eastern horizon, mixed with a slight redness which increases afterwards and continues until sunrise. It comprises rakatayn (two cycles).

Fard The Obligatory; this is that which Allah has promised its committer with reward and has threatened its avoider with punishment; rukn, i.e., an item that is a part of an ^ibadah (worship) and without which it would be invalid.

Fasiq A person who has committed a great sin, such as adultery, drinking alcohol, or leaving out the obligatory £alaw,at (Prayers)

Fatihah The first Surah of al-Qur'an which consists of seven ayat. It must be read in every rak"ah of as-Salah.

Fatwa The (Islamic) answer to a problem

Fay' Money taken by the Islamic State from non-Muslims who deserted it without any fight. This money can be used by al-Khalifah in the interest of the Muslims, such as for improving the defences of the country.

Fidyah For missing days of fasting during Ramadan that require the paying of al-fidyah, it is giving the poor Muslim(s), a mudd (two-cupped handfuls of average size) of wheat, rice,  or the like every day of fasting missed.  Concerning al-Hajj, al-fidyah compromises slaughtering an animal, fasting several days, or feeding some poor Muslims.

Fi^liyy Pertaining to action, such as in rukn fi^liyy which means a requisite of action.  As-Sujud (prostration) is a rukn fi^liyy.

Fiqh In Arabic, comprehension; Islamically, knowing the practical Islamic Rules which were inferred from the detailed evidences. AI-'Imam Aby Hanifah said that al-Fiqh is knowing one's religious obligations and rights.

Fitr The first day of the month of Shawwal, after the termination of Ramadan; ^Id-ul-Fitr.

Fuqara' In Arabic it means 'the poor'; Islamically, Muslims who do not have enough to meet half of their basic appropriate needs of lodging, clothing, and food, such as those who need $10 but earn less than $5. AI-Fuqara' is the plural of al-faqir.

Furud Requisites; refers to items that are part of an ^ibadah (worship) and without which it would be invalid. Furud is the plural of fard.

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GH stands for the غ letter in Arabic.  

Gharimun Muslims who are under debt because, e.g., they borrowed money to spend for their needs, but could not pay it back.

Ghibah (Gossip) Mentioning a Muslim in his absence with something that is true about him, but disliked by him to be mentioned.

Ghulul Unrightful taking from the spoils before the Islamic distribution.

Ghusl Total washing of the body having the proper intention. It is required after certain things, such as sexual intercourse and the termination of the menses, have occurred, and washing the dead.

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The H letter here represents the ح letter in Arabic  

Hadath The state of not having al-Wudu' or being required to perform al-Ghusl. The former is called the smaller hadath and the latter the greater hadath.

Hadathayn The two hadaths: the smaller hadath and the greater hadath.

Haadith A creation, i.e., something the existence of which started at some point in time and it may be annihilated any time later. AI-Jannah (Paraidse) and Jahannam (Hellfire), two creations of AIlah will never be annihilated because Allah has willed that for them.

Hadith It refers to what was attributed to the Prophet, salla Allahu ^alayhi wa sallam, of sayings, deeds, attributes, and acknowledgements. The acknowledgements of the Prophet refer to the matters which occurred during his time that he was told about, or in his presence, but he did not prohibit. Ahadith is the plural of Hadith.

Hady An animal that is slaughtered on the Day of  ^Id-ul-'Adha because, e.g., of committing sexual intercourse while performing aI-Hajj.

Ha'id The menstruating woman.

Hajj Pilgrimage; one of the greatest articles of al-Islam. It is the journey to al-Ka^bah to perform, at a specific period of the year, certain actions in Makkah and its vicinity. AI-Haajj is the person who performs aI-Hajj.

Halal The lawful according to al-Islam; opposite of  Haram (Unlawful).

Halq Shaving; in particular, the shaving of all the hair of the head of the male in al-Hajj.

Harakah One of three vowels:fathahَ   ِkasrah ِ    and dammahُ   (a, i, u).

Harakat Plural of al-harakah.

Haram The forbidden and sinful (opposite of Halal); this is what Allah has threatened its committer with punishment and has promised its avoider with reward.

Haramayn Makkah and al-Madinah including some area around each of them; al-Haraman is the nominative form of al-Haramayn. Each of them is called al-Haram.

Hasan good; beautiful; A Hadith the relators of which are known for their trustworthiness and good memory. Included is the Hadith which is related in more than one rendition all of which are devoid of any defect that blemishes its authenticity. It is accepted by the scholars of al- 'Islam, and is used for inferring Islamic rulings.

Hashr The Assembling of the people in one place on the Judgement Day.

Hawd The place where the obedient Muslims will have a drink, afterwhich no thirst is felt. This is before they are admitted to al-Jannah (Paradise).

Hawl One lunar year; in the context of az-Zak:ah, the passage of one lunar year after having had an-nisab of some articles which are subject to az-Zakah.

Hayd Menses; the blood that is discharged from the uterus of a female, who has attained to nine lunar years or more, through her vagina. The minimum time of al-hayd is twenty-four hours and the maximum time is fifteen days.

Al-Hayy A name of Allah which means 'the Alive'.

Hijaz A region in the West of Saudi Arabia which includes Makkah and al-Madinah.

Hill The region which is other than that of al-Haram in Makkah. It is the regional Miqat of al-^Umrah for those people in Makkah.

Hisab The displaying of the deeds of the people on the Day of Judgement

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The letter H here represents ه the letter in Arabic.  

Hilal The crescent of the new moon; that which is searched for to determine the beginning of a new month, such as the month of Ramadan.

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^Ibadah Worship, such as Praying, and Fasting, and Hajj.

Iblis Satan; the Devil, the father of al-jinn, who refused to make sujyd to Adam and blasphemed.

Ibn-us-sabil A person who wants to travel or is traveling but does not have what is enough to help him reach h~s destination.

^ld Islamic celebration; this is either ^Id-ul-Fitr or ^Id ul-'Adha.

^Iddah The length of time a previously married woman must wait before she can marry again. This varies depending on her situation. For a divorced woman, it is three spans of tuhr, i.e., non-menstruating intervals, but if she is pregnant, al-^iddah ends when she delivers her baby. For a widow, it is four lunar months and ten days, or if she is
pregnant, until she delivers the baby.

'ihdad Leaving out dressing up, including wearing perfume. The period of ihdad for a widow is four months and ten days, during which the woman must avoid dressing up and wearing perfume.

'Ihram In prayer it is saying "AIIah Akbar" to start the prayer, and in aI-Hajj it is the intention to start aI-Hajj.

Ijarah Giving someone the benefit of an Islamically permitted article for acompensation. This contract includes hiring a laborer or leasing a property.

'Ijma^ Consensus; One source of Islamic teachings, defined as the unanimous agreement of the mujtahidun (top scholars) from among the followers of Prophet Muhammad salla Allahu ^alayhi wa sallam, upon a religious matter during a certain period of time.

'Ijtihad Exerting effort to find the Islamic answer to a situation relying on al-Qur'an,as-Sunnah, al-'Ijma^, and al-Qiyyas. AI-'Ijtihad is done only by the qualified mujtahid. In the context of al-Qiblah, it is exerting effort to know the direction of al-Qiblah using Polaris, other stars the sun, the moon, rivers, and winds.

'Ikhlas Sincerity; Doing an obedience for the sake of All.ah only.

^Ilm Knowledge; also science. In the Islamic context and texts, it always means Islamic knowledge.

Imam The leader in a group Prayer; the Caliph (the Muslim Ruler); Scholar of Islam.

Imamah The state of being an Imam.

'Injil The Revelation given to Prophet ^Isa (Jesus) ^alayhi as-salatu was-salam. The so-called "Bible" is not the true Injil.

^Iqab Punishment which is incurred upon the disobedient on the Day of Judgement.

^Isha' The obligatory prayer which starts with the disappearance of the twilight after sunset and continues until dawn. It comprises four raka^at.

Islam In Arabic it means submission; it is the Religion of all Prophets of Allah starting with Adam and ending with Muhammad, ^alayhim as-salatu wa sallam. It is the belief in and utterance of the testification of faith, the latter being required of the person who is not already a Muslim.

'Istibahah Recognition of something as allowed.

'Istinja' The removal of an-najasah (filth such as urine, blood, etc,) that exited from the eliminatory outlets. This is done by using water and/or materials such as paper tissues.

'Istiwa' The time when the sun is apparently (high) in the middle of its course through the sky.

^Itharayn It refers to the hair growing on both sides of the face adjacent and parallel to (at the level of) the ears.

'I^tidal A rukn of prayer which is (resuming) the standing position after having perfonned ar-ruku^.

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The letter J represents the ج letter in Arabic.  

Jahannam Hell-Fire in which some disobedient Muslims will be tortured for some time, and all non-Muslims will suffer forever.

Jam^ Combining Dhuhr and ^Asr or combining Maghrib and Isha' paryers while traveling for a qasr distance.

Jama^ah Performing prayer by two or more persons with one leading the others; the Muslim group following the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad salla Allahu ^alayhi wa sallam. The full name is Ahl-us-Sunnah wal-Jama^ah.

Jama ^at Plural of al-jam^ah.

Jamarat Places where many pebbles are thrown while performing ai-Hajj. Jamarat is the plural of jamrah.

Janabah The state when one had sexual intercourse or emission of al-maniyy (semen), whetherfrom a man or a woman, be it from a wet dream, masturbation, sexual intercourse, or fondling.

Janazah The Funeral; preparing the Muslim dead by washing, wrapping, praying for, and burying him.

Jannah Paradise; the abode that Allah has created and to which only Muslims will be admitted dwelling therein forever.

Jibril The Angel of Revelation (Gabriel); He i.s the angel who conveyed the orders of Allah to the Prophets salla Allahu ^alayhim wa sallam.  Jibril is the best of the angles.

Jinn These are creations of Allah which can change form. They were created from the pure flame of fire. The devils are the non-Muslim jinn, whose chief is Satan (ash-Shaytan).

Jizyah The compulsory payment of ath-Thimmiyy to the Islamic State.

Jumu^ah Friday; the prayer which is performed on Friday within Dhuhr time is know salat-ul-Jumul^ah.

Junub A person in the state of al-janabah.

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Ka^bah The cubical structure in the Holy Mosque of Makkah (al-Masjid-ul-Haram) to which Muslims must direct themselves in prayer. It was fIrst built by Prophet Adam, then rebuilt by Prophets Ibrahim (Abraham) and Isma^il (Ishmael).

Kafan The (three) cloths with which the dead is wrapped, the least of which is one cloth covering the whole body of the dead.

Kaffarah An action that must be done for having committed a certain disobedience. There are different kaffarat which are expounded upon in various books of al-Fiqh. AI-Kaffarat is the plural of al-kaffarah.

Kafil Guarantor.

Kafir Blasphemer; any non-Muslim. AI-Kuffar is the plural of al-kafir.

Kalam In Arabic it means 'speech'; when it is meant for the attribute of Allah then it means that attribute by which Allaih orders, forbids, promises, and threatens, and is not letter, word, sound, or language.

Kifayah In Arabic it means 'sufficient'; Fard kifayah refers to the obligatory actions which if done by some Muslims, the rest of the Muslims are not obligated to do. However, if not done by anyone then every member of the community who is mukallaf and was able to do them is sinful for having neglected them.

Kufur Blasphemy; state of being a non-Muslim; any conviction, saying, or action which is blasphemous.

Kuhl Black substance that is used in the eye to clear the vision and as a cosmetic.

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The KH represents the خ letter in Arabic.  

Khalifah AI-Imam; the Muslim Ruler, who rules according to the Rules of al-Islarn. It is obligatory upon Muslims to obey him. There are many requirements which must be satisfied in a man before he is chosen as al-Khalifah and are mentioned in other books of al-Fiqh.

Khaliq  A name of Allah which means 'the Creator', i.e., 'the One Who brings things from non-existence into existence'.

Khawarij  Group of people that rebelled against and fought al-Imam ^Aliyy the son of Abi-Talib.

Khuff  A shoe, not necessarily with a hard sole, that covers the foot and the ankle. A pair of khuffs are called khuffan. Al-Khuffan is the nominative form of al-khuffayn.

Khushu^   A Feeling the fear of Allah in one's heart.

Khutbatayn  The Two Speeches delivered on occasions such as al-Jumu^ah (Friday) and aI-^Id. AI-Khulbatan is the nominative form of al-Khutbatayn.

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Lahn It is the error which breaches the meaning or some grammatical rules.

Lihyah It refers to the facial hair that grows exclusively along the lower jaw.

Liwat Sadomy: lnserting the (glans) penis in the anus of a male or a female. It is an enormous sin.

Luqatah An object that was lost by its owner and was found, but its owner is unknown.

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Ma^alim 'The rites (of al-'lslam)', such as prayer and aI-Hajj; 'the landmarks' that guide one on the way. Ma^alim is the plural of ma^lam.

Madinah  The City of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad salla Allahu ^alayhi wa sallam, where he died and was buried. Its former name was Yathrib.

Maghrib  Sunset; the obligatory prayer that starts with the total disappearance of the disc of the sun in the western horizon and continues until the disappearance of the twilight. It comprises three raka^at.

Mahr  A benefit that the man pays to the woman for marrying her, including money and teaching her al-Qur'an.

Mahram  A person from the opposite sex whom one is forbidden to marry, because of blood relation (brother, mother, uncle, aunt), marriage (father-in law, step-son), or nursing (nursing father or mother, nursing brother or sister).

Maharim  Plural of al-mahram.

Makkah  The city, in Saudi Arabia, in which al-Ka^bah is located and is the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad salla Allahu ^alayhi wa sallam.

Makruh  The Disliked; this is that which if done is not punishable, but if one avoids it one is rewarded.

Maks  The toll which is taken unjustly by some governers on goods, farms, and the like.

Ma'mum  Follower of al-'Imam in prayer/

Mandub  This is that which if done one is rewarded, but one is not punished for neglecting it; also known as an-Nafl and as-Sunnah.

Maniyy  For a man it is the seminal fluid and for a woman it is the vaginal fluid which is discharged during her orgasm.

Ma^ruf  Obedience; it includes all that agrees with the teachings of al-Qur'an and as-Sunnah.

Marwah  A bill annexed to al-Masjid-ul-Haram where the pilgrim (al-Haajj) performs as-Sa^y starting at Safa and ending at al-Marwah.

Masakin  Muslims who have enough money to cover more than half of their basic appropriate needs but not all of them, such as those who need $10 but earn more than $5 but less than $10. Al-Masakin is the plural of al-miskin.

Mathaqil  Plural of mithqal.

Mathhab  A framework inferred by a mujtahid from al-Qur'an, as-Sunnah, al-'ljma^, and al-Qiyyas, by which he deduces the judgements on the practical matters of Islam. such as purification, prayer, az-Zakah, Fasting, and aI-Hajj. The Sunniyy mathahib which are available today are four: al-Mathhab al-Hanafiyy, al-Mathhab al-Malikiyy, al- Matfthab ash-Shafi^iyy, and al-Mathhab al-Hanbaliyy. The respective founders of those
mathahiib are: al-Imam Aby Hanifah, al-Imam Malik, al-Imam ash-Shafi^iyy, and al-lmam Ibn Hanbal.

Mathiyy  It is a clear thin liquid that emerges from the penis of a man or the vagina of a woman upon the arousal of sexual desire.

Mawat  It is a land which is uninhabited. It is not owned except by whoever prepare it for benefit like plantation or residence.

Mina  A village, four miles East of Makkah, where pilgrims stay for most of the nights of at- Tashriq Days.

Miqat  The time and place of starting aI-Hajj or al-^Umrah.

Mithqal  A unit of measure which is equivalent to the weight of seventy-two average-sized barley grains after their ends are cut without being peeled (about 4.24 grams).

Mizan  The balance in which the deeds of the people are weighed on the Day of Judgement, good deeds (of Muslims only) being in one pan, while the bad ones (of the disobedient, whether Muslims or non-Muslims) being in the other.

Mu^adah  The obligatory prayer which one performs after having either prayed it alone or in a jama^ah for the purpose of gaining more reward.

Al-mu'allafatu qulubuhum  Persons like those who embraced IsIam but their faith is weak and if paid their faith is strengthened, those who are dignified among their people and, if paid others like them may be encouraged to become Muslims, and those Muslims who fight non-Muslims who are next to them or fight the ones who refuse to pay az-Zakah.

Mubah  The Permitted; this is that which, if either done or neglected, neither reward, nor punishment is incurred upon one.

Mubtilat  Invalidators; items which invalidate a worship, such as ablution (wudu') and prayer. Mubtilat is the plural of mubtil.

Mudd  A unit of measure for grains, which comprises two hands of average size cupped together. Amdad is the plural of mudd.

Muhaddith  A scholar of al-Hadith.

Muhrim  Person in the state of al-'Ihram, i.e., involved in the actions of al- Hajj or al-^Umrah.

Muhsan  A person who has had sexual intercourse within a valid marriage. Widows, widowers, divorced men and women, and married people who are free are each considered muhsan. AI- Muhsan is lashed until death for committing adultry.

Mujtahidlln  Top scholars of IsIam; Muslims who are qualified to perform al-'Ijtihad. Mujtahidun is the plural of mujtahid.

Mukallaf  A person who is pubescent (baligh), sane, and, in a language that he understands, has heard of the testification of faith (ash-shadatayn).  Mukallafun is the plural of mukallaf.

Mukhtasar  The Summary of.

Munkar  Disobedience; this includes all of what disagrees with the teachings of aI-Qur'an and as-Sunnah.

Muqimun  Residents; persons who intend to stay in place, such as a town, for four days or more, excluding the two days of entry and exit to that place. Muqimun is the plural of muqim.

Murtadd  The apostate; the one who has committed apostasy.

Musafir  Traveler; a person who is traveling for a qasr distance, which is approximately twenty-seven miles (about forty-four kilometers) or more.

Musaqah  The agreement between the owner of palm trees or grape vines and a person such that for a specific portion of the product, the latter takes care of them over a specific period of time.

Mushaf  The Holy Book of the Muslims, which is also referred to as aI-Qur'an.

Muslim  A believer and follower of Islam.

Mustawtinun  People who live in a town, do not leave it neither in the Summer nor in the Winter except for some incidental need, and intend to die therein. Mustatinun is the plural of mustawtin.

Mu^taddah  A (recently) divorced or widowed woman who must observe al-/^iddah.

Mut^ah  Money given to a woman if the husband divorced her without reason from her side.

Mutahhir  Tahur; water or soil which effects at- Taharah. A mutahhir water is that which falls from the sky (rain water) or springs out of the ground (spring water, rivers), or sea water; it is also called tahur water. Tahur soil is that which has not been used for at- Tayammum, and has no najasah (filth) mixed with it

Muwalah  Doing some actions in succession. In prayer, it is reading the ayat (verses) of aI-Fatihah without stopping between the ayat for longer than what one needs to take a breath.

Muzdalifah  A place, six miles East of Makkah, where those who are performing aI-Hajj stay for at least one moment between the middle of the night and dawn (al-fajr) of al-'Adha day).

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Nabiyy Prophet; a man who has received al-Wahy (the Revelation) from Allah and conveys it to the people.

Nadb Mentioning the good qualities of a dead person by raising one's voice.

Nafl See aI-Mandub.

Nahr Slaughter; an-Nahr Day is the Day of ^Id-ul-' Adha when some Muslims slaughter some animals.

Najasat In Arabic, those are things which are deemed filthy like feces, urine, vomit, blood, dogs and pigs; Islamically, those filthy things which, if unexempted, prevent the validity of a worship, such as prayer. An-Najasat is the plural of an-najasah.

Najis also an-najas, Najjsah; something blemished with a najasah.

Namimah Conveying words of one person to another to cause dissension.

Nar Fire; Jahannam.  

Nathr An oath to Allah by which one commits oneself to do any good deed, such as fasting a certain number of days or paying charity. It is obligatory to fulfill one's nathr.

Nifas Blood coming out of the vagina of a woman after childbirth. Its minimum time is a moment, its maximum is 60 days, and is most often 40 days.

Nisab The amount of money or number of animals that is subject to az-Zakah.

Niyahah Sreaming out of impatience upon the death of a person.

Nufasa' The woman in the state of an-nifas.

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Qada' Make-up; refers to missed prayer and fasting, or any obligation that must be made up.

Qadar Making things happen according to the will and knowledge of Allah. In the text of The Summary of Obligatory Knowledge it means 'whatever has been wlled by Allah', some of. which is good, and some of which is evil. Allah has created evIl but ordered man to avoId commItting It. Both good and evil occur according to the will of Allah.

Qadi Judge; a title given to an Islamic scholar when acting as a judge.

AI-Qadim A name of Allah which means 'al-' Awwal', i.e., 'the One Whose existence has no be ginning'.

AI-Qadir A name of Allah which means 'the Almighty'; 'the One Who has the power with which He affects the creation'.

Qasr Shortening; praying exclusively Dhuhr, ^Asr and al-^Isha' as rak^atayn (two cycles) instead of four for traveling a qasr distance, which is approximately 27 miles (approximately 44 kilometers) or more. He can also combine the praying of Dhuhr and ^Asr, or the praying of al-Maghrib and ^Isha' in either time of those prayers being combined. This is called al-jam^. As soon as al-musafIr leaves the boundaries of his townplace, he can perform prayer in the qasr and jam^ modes. AI-Qasr and al-jam^ are
allowed only when the traveling is not sinful. However, if the traveler intends to stay in the destination place for four days or more, other than the two days of entry and exit, then he cannot perform al-jam^ or al-qasr while residing in his destination place.

Qathf Accusing a person of fornication or adultry.

Qathif The person who commits al-qathif.

Qayyum A name of Allah which means 'the Everlasting and the One Who manages and takes care of the world'.

Qiblah The direction to which Muslims direct themselves in prayer. This is towards al-Ka^bah, the cubical structure in the Holy Mosque of Makkah.

Qirad Authorizing a person to invest one's own money for a known percentage of profit.

Qiyam The standing position before ar-ruku^ in prayer.

Qiyamah The day that starts with the rising of the dead from their graves on the Judgement Day, until those who earned Paradise are admitted to it and those who deserve to be punished Hell are admitted therein.

Qullatan A volume measure which is about 190 liters. Qullatan is the nominative form of qullatayn.

Qudum Coming; Tawaf-ul-Qudum is the optional tawaf performed by the pilgrim upon entering Makkah.

Qur'an The Holy Book of Islam, revealed to Prophet Muhammad, sallla Allahu ^alayhi wa sallam throughout  the 23 years of his Prophethood. AI-Qur'an comprises 30 Ajza' (Parts), 114 Suwar (Chapters), and more than 6000 'ayat (verses).[/i][/u][/b]

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Ar-Rahim A name of Allah which means 'the One Who is merciful with the Muslims only, on the Day of Judgement'.

Ar-Rahman A name of All,ah which means 'the One Who provides the Muslims and non-Muslims with their needs in this world (life)'.

Rahn Pledge; giving or holding a certain article as a security to guarantee the payment of a debt from it when the debt cannot be paid.

Rak^ah A cycle involving sayings, such as reciting al-Fatihah and actions, such as ar-ruku^, al-'i^tidal, and as-sujud(prostration).

Raka^at Plural of rak^ah.

Ramadan The ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, which is obligatory to fast.

Rasul Messenger of Allah; a prophet who comes with canceling some of the laws brought by the previous messenger, or with a new set of laws. The prophet follows the laws of the messenger who came before him. Every messenger is a prophet, but not every prophet is a messenger.

Ar-Raziq A name of Allah which means 'the Provider', i.e., 'the One Who gives the means of sustenance to His creations'.

Riba Unsurious gain: A contract that contains a specific substitute, the equity of which is unknown at the time of conducting the contract, or with deferring either of or both substitutes.

Riddah Apostasy; becoming non-Muslim after having been Muslim by committing any blasphemous action or saying, or holding a blasphemous conviction.

Rikaz A treasure which had been buried before the Prophethood of Muhammad, salla Allahu ^alayhi wa sallam, and was found after that. Only the gold and silver rikaz are subject to zakah.

Riqab Slaves who are owned legally, according to the Islamic rules, and whose masters have agreed to give them their freedom after paying a certain amount of money.

Riya' Insincerity; doing the obedience for the sake of people or for that along with thr intention to obey Allah.

Rukn Requisite; fard; an obligatory action, utterance, or intention which is a part of a worship, such as al-Hajj, and without which it would be invalid.

Ruku^ Bending one's back down enough so that the palms could reach the knees, without inexcusably bending the knees.  Placing the hands on the knees is sunnah, i.e. optional.

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S Represents the س letter in Arabic.
S Represents the ص letter in Arabic.
Sh Represents the ش letter in Arabic.  

Sa^ A measure which comprimises for amdad.   Asu^ is the plural of sa^.

Safa One of the two hills now annexed to al-masjid-ul-Haram where al-Hajj performs al-Sa^y.  It s the place where one begins as-Sa^y proceeding to al-Marwah. One goes from one hill to the other seven times.

Sahih The True; the Valid; this is that which agrees with the rules of Islam and hence is accepted by Allah.

Sajdah Prostration; a requisite of prayer done by putting part of one's forehead, knees, toes, and hands on the ground.

Salah The Prayer: a series of sayings and actions usually commenced with saying "Allahu akbar" (All,ah is the Greatest) and terminated with saying as-salaarnu ^alaykum (peace be upon you), with certain conditions and requisites to be satisfied.

Salam Peace; saying ''as-salamu I^alaykum", i.e., peace be upon you. It is the last requisite performed in prayer.

Salawat Plural of Salah

Sawm Fasting; one of the greatest articles of  Islam. It is (in general) fasting the month of Ramadan. As-Siyam or as-Sawm is abstaining from inserting any object with a volume from an open inlet such as the mouth and the eliminatory outlets, into the head, intestInes, etc. during the period between dawn and sunset.  One must make the intention in the heart to fast during the period between sunset and dawn to fast the next day.

Sa^y Plying the distance between as-Safa and al-Marwah, seven times, starting at as-Safa and ending at al-Marwah during aI-Hajj or al-^Umrah.

Sha^ban The eighth month of the Islamic (lunar) year.

Shafa^ah The Intercession of the prophets, angels, martyrs, some devout scholars, and others on the Day of Judgement for some Muslims who committed great sins and died without repenting of them.

Shahadah Martyrdom; Dying while and as a result of fighting non-Muslims for the sake of Allah;

Shahadatan The two testifications of faith; the greatest article of Islam which means 'I profess that no one is God but Allah and I profess
that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah'. Ash-Shahadatan is the nominative form of ash-Shahadatayn and the dual form of ash-Shahadah.

Shahid Martyr; the Muslim who died while or as a result of fighting non-Muslims for the sake of Allah.

Shar^ The Religion of Islam; this term is used whenever rules are mentioned.

Shari^ah The Law of Islam, interchangeable with ash-Shar^.

Sharif A Muslim descendent of Prophet Muhammad salla Allahu ^alayhi wa sallam.

Sharikah Partnership; a contract which ascertains the right of two or more persons to dispose of their merged monies.

Shawwal The tenth month of the Islamic (lunar) year.

Shaykh The title of an Islamic teacher.

Shurruq Sunrise; the appearance of the upper part of the disc of the sun in the eastern horizon.

Shurut Prerequisites; items that are not part of an ^ibadah (worship), such as prayer, but the validity of the worship is dependent upon them. Shurut is the plural of shart.

Siddiqun Very righteous Muslims, who believed in Allah and His messengers, such as the best companions of Prophet
Muhammad salla Allahu ^alayhi wa sallam. Siddiqun is the plural of  siddiq.

Siqt A child born early before the completion of the months of pregnancy. If the siqt was born alive, such as if it screamed at birth, and it died afterwards, then washing, shrouding, salat-ul-Janazah, and burial are obligatory to perform for it. However, if it was born dead and had the features of a human being, then only the washing, shrouding, and
burial are obligatory. It is haram to perform salat-ul-Janazah for it. However, if the born siqt had no human features, then, although it is not obligatory to shroud or bury it, it is rnandub to do so.

Sirat The Bridge is a crossway stretched over the top of Hellfire to which the people come to cross. One of its ends is at the replaced earth and the other end is at what is before Paradise after Hellfire. The people cross over what is above the Bridge. Some of the believers, then, will not step on the Bridge but pass flying through its air. Some of them will step on it. Some of those [latter ones] will fall in Hellfire and some Allah will save from Hellfire and will not fall in it. However, all the kuffar will drop in it. Allah ta^ala said said what means in the Qur'an: Everyone of us will have to come close to Hellfire and be present to cross the Bridge (Maryam 71). The coming is of two types: Coming to cross the Bridge through Hellfire's air or coming to enter Hellfire.

Siwak It is a very rewardable sunnah to use as-siwak. The best siwak is that which is obtained from the Arak tree.  The bark of the tree is formed into sticks so that it can be used to clean teeth and gums.

Siyam See sawm.

Subh AI-Fajr; the obligatory prayer which commences when the time of ^Isha'  terminates and continues until sunrise; the morning.

Subhan Praising Allah, such as in the statement 'Subhan Allah'; see subhanahu.

Subhanahu, This means that 'He (Allah) is clear of any imperfection', or it means 'Praise to Him'. It is usually mentioned after the name of Allah and followed sometimes by the word 'ta^ala' i.e. Allah subhanahu wa ta^ala.  

Sujud Performing a sajdah; sajdah.

Sujudayn The dual form of as-sujud.

Sukun Literally 'no motion'. It is the opposite of 'harakah'. \

Sunnah In general, the word Sunnah refers to what was attnbuted to the Prophet salla Allahu ^alayhi wa sallam, of sayings, deeds, attributes, and acknowledgements. The acknowledgements of the Prophet refer to the matters which occurred during his time that he was told about, or in his presence, but he did not prohibit; al-Mandub; an-Nafl.

Surah A chapterof al-Qur'an. Al-Qur'an has 114 Suwar. Suwar is the plural of Surah.

Sutrah An object placed in front of the person performing prayer, which is two-thirds of a thira^ high and within three athru^ from the person who is performing prayer.

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T Represents the ت letter in Arabic.
T Represents the ط letter in Arabic.
TH Represents the ث letter in Arabic.
Th Represents the ذ letter in Arabic.
 

Ta^ala It means that Allah is clear of any imperfection.

Tafsir The Science of explaining al-Qur'an.

Tahajjud The optional prayer done after waking up at night. Its obligation upon Muslims was abolished in al-Qur'an.

Taharah Doing what renders prayers permissible. This includes the action of removing an-najasah by, for instance, performing al-'lstinja', or clearing of al-hadath by performing al-Wudu (ablution), or al-Ghusl.

Taharrum Starting prayer usually by saying 'Allahu akbar'; see al-'Ihram.

Tahir Anything which is in the state of al- Taharah; clear of al-hadath and an-najasah.

Tahseen: Reciting Qur'an to be protected from the harm of the devils or evil eye.

Tahur See mutahhir.

Takbirah Saying 'Allahu Akbar'.

Ta'min Saying 'Amin' after completing the recitation of al-Fatihah or making a supplication (du^a').

Tamyiz When child reaches the age of mental discrimination and thus is able to answer when asked and understand when addressed (For example how many months are in a year?). Some scholars explained it to be the ability of the child, if taught, to eat, drink, and perform al-'lstinja' independently.

Taqsir Trimming the hair as a rukn of ai-Hajj or al-^Umrah.

Taqwa Fearing Allah; obeying Allah by performing the obligations and refraining from the forbidden.

Tashahhud A statement which must be said while in the last sitting of prayer and includes ash-Shahadatayn (the testification of faith).

Tashdidat Stresses, each of which, in Arabic, comprise two similar letters assimilated  together. The fIrst letter is unvoweled (has a sukun) and the second is voweled (has a harakah).

Tashriq Three days after al-'Adha (eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth of Thhul-Hijjah).

Tawaf Going, counterclockwise, around aI-Ka^bah in the Holy Mosque of Makkah during ai-Hajj or aI-^Umrah, or other occasions as well.

Tawrah The Revelation given to Prophet Musa (Moses) ^alayhi as-salatu was-salam. The so-called 'the Old Testament' and 'The Torah' are not at- Tawrah.

Tayammum A substitute, under certain conditions, of wudu' (ablution) or ghusl in which soil is used on the face, hands and forearms, including the elbows.

Ta^zir Disciplining; Punishment which is less than those for zina, killing, and the like.  Examples are imprisonment and beating.

Thawab The reward that Muslims will enjoy on the Day of Judgement.

Thimmiyy A non-Muslim, such as a Christian or Jew, who pays al-Jizyah to the r Islamic State.

Thira^ It is the distance from the tip of the fingers to the elbow (hand plus the forearm); two spans, which are equivalent to about forty-six centimeters or eighteen inches.

Thul-Hijjah The twelveth month of the Islamic (lunar) year.

Thul-Qi^dah The eleventh month of the Islamic (lunar) year.

Tuhr The time interval between two menstruating intervals. The minimum time of at-Tuhr is fifteen days and there is no maximum time because, though rare, a woman may menstruate once in her lifetime.

Tuma'ninah Having all the organs settled at once (in ar-ruku^, aI-'i^tidal, as-sujud, and the sitting between the sajdatayn) for as long as the period of time it takes to say  'subhan Allah'.

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^Umrah An act of worship (^ibadah) which is done in Makkah at any time of the year. It is similar to Hajj in many ways.

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Wada^ Farewell; Tawaf-ul-Wada^" is the last tawaf to be performed before leaving Makkah.

Wadi^ah Consignment; entrusting another with something to protect it

Al- Wahid A name of Allah which means 'the One Who has no partners in His Godhood'.

Wahy Revelations from Allah passed to whomever He chose from among His slaves for Prophethood through an angel or without him.

Wajib Fard(Obligatory); What one must perform otherwise commits a sin and gets reward for performing it such as prayer and fasting in Ramadan. Wajibat is plural of wajib.

Wakalah Proxy; authorizing a person to act for oneself with whatever is valid to deputize others.

Waliyy Righteous Muslim; Muslim who performs the obligations, avoids the prohibitions, and performs a lot of naft.

Waqf is property which people dedicate to be used immediately or after their death in a specific manner such as places of prayers, schools, or others, and once established remain as such.

Waqif Person who perfonns al-waqf.

al-wasq A dry measure equivalent to sixty asu^ which equals approximately 122 kilograms. Awsuq is the plural of wasq.

Wird Sayings or worships which are rewardable to do.

Wudu' Ablution: Washing part of the body as a prerequisite to several things one of which is the prayer.

Wuquf Standing or being present in the land of ^Arafah, during Hajj, for at least a moment between Dhuhr time of the ninth of Thul-Hijjah and al-Fajr of the tenth of Thul-Hijjah.

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The Z represent the ز letter in Arabic

Zakah In Arabic it means purification and edification; one of the greatest articles of Islam, is paying a certain portion of one's money or animals to specific types of people with certain conditions.

Zawal The beginning Dhuhr time; the time when the sun has declined westward from its Istiwa' position.

Zina It is the sexual intercourse with a person of the opposite sex other than one's spouse or female slave. It includes both adultery and fornication.

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By this you would have learnt very common words used in Arabic specially Islamic terms.

I hope that you do well.
Waffaqakumullah.